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Homelessness has been described as 'a lifestyle which includes insecurity and transiency of shelter, and is not confined to a total lack of shelter. A state of detachment from family and vulnerability to dangers, including exploitation and abuse broadly defined from which the family normally protects a child' (Report of National Inquiry, Our Homeless Children).
Family stress or breakdown, physical and/or emotional abuse, sexual assault, incest, poverty, schooling difficulties, institutionalisation, or mental illness, all cause youth homelessness. In addition, young people confront the particular issues of this crucial phase of life: the intense physical, sexual and psychosocial changes that accompany the phase of adolescence.
The combination of past trauma, lack of supports, and managing a precarious life with a poor view of the future, results in these young people being depressed, angry, and 'emotional'. They have low self-esteem, and drug and alcohol abuse is common. Previous negative experiences either with adults or with support services, combined with poor communication skills, often results in young people appearing hostile or aggressive when seeking support. This needs to be recognised and understood.
The health needs of young homeless people are high. However, with health often coming second to the challenges of finding housing, income and food, they tend to look for health assistance only when in crisis. Inadequate knowledge of these services contributes to this neglect. Presentation in crisis requires an immediate response in order not to miss the opportunity to address their acute health needs.
Simple strategies to engender trust and produce effective communication with young people include:
If the person's behaviour is too challenging, set clear limits, clarify the consequences, and identify more appropriate ways of managing any anger or frustration.