[Previous Page] [Next Page] [Table of Contents/Search]

Confusion

Sufferers of confusion present with behaviour that is abnormal or out of character for the individual concerned, such as:

• The hearing of 'voices', or visual disturbances, (in other words, hearing or seeing things) that aren't really there.
• Strange beliefs.
• Disorientation. For example, they may be unsure of where they are, or of the time, date or place. In many cases it is worthwhile checking a person's orientation at the outset of a consultation (by using simple questions) in order to ensure their responses are valid.
• Loss of judgment or understanding of the situation.
• Agitation may be present.
• Severity may fluctuate greatly from hour to hour, and is usually greatest at night. Sufferers may even appear normal at times.

Common causes of confusion are:

• Drug or alcohol intoxication or withdrawal.
• Reactions to, or problems with, medications.
• Infections in a range of body sites.
• See also the causes of drowsiness listed in the 'Scenarios: Drowsiness' section.

Advice:

Due to the range of causes, urgent assessment by a local doctor or by hospital staff is advised. Note that psychiatric services should not be the initial point of contact in this situation.